Global Semiconductor Market Size, Share, Upcoming Investments Report By Semiconductor Device Type (Discrete Semiconductors, Optoelectronics, Sensors, ICs(Analog, Micro, Logic, Memory, MPU, MCU, Others)), By Application (Consumer Electronics (Mobile, Computing, Others), Telecom & Infrastructure (Servers), Automotive, Industrial, Others (Healthcare, Defense)), By Region and Companies - Industry Segment Outlook, Market Assessment, Competition Scenario, Trends, and Forecast 2024-2033

Report Overview

The Global Semiconductor Market size is expected to be worth around USD 996 Billion By 2033, from USD 530 Billion in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033. In 2023, APAC held a dominant market position, capturing more than a 63.91% share, holding USD 388.7 Billion revenue.

The semiconductor industry is pivotal in today’s technological landscape, functioning as the backbone of electronic devices by providing essential components such as chips and integrated circuits. This industry has seen dynamic growth, driven by the relentless demand for electronic devices that encompass everything from smartphones to sophisticated industrial machinery. Major companies like Intel, Samsung, and TSMC dominate this space, continuously innovating to keep up with technological advancements and market demands.

The semiconductor market encompasses the production and sale of semiconductors, which are critical components in an extensive array of electronic products, from smartphones to automobiles. This market is characterized by its high level of innovation and rapid technological advancements, driving the demand for newer and more efficient semiconductor devices. The growth of the semiconductor market can be attributed to several key factors.

The semiconductor market’s growth is primarily driven by the rapid expansion of digital technologies and the increasing need for high-performance, energy-efficient electronics across various industries, including automotive, healthcare, and telecommunications. Innovations in AI and IoT are particularly significant, pushing the demand for more sophisticated chips that can process and manage large amounts of data with greater efficiency​

There is a growing demand for semiconductors in applications such as advanced automotive electronics, portable healthcare devices, energy management systems, and high-speed networking equipment. The automotive sector, for example, is increasingly utilizing semiconductors in safety and infotainment systems, which are becoming standard features in new vehicles.

Additionally, the shift towards electric and hybrid vehicles is creating further opportunities for semiconductor manufacturers to provide advanced power management solutions​. Technological advancements in semiconductor manufacturing are continually enhancing the performance and reducing the size of semiconductor devices.

The development of ultra-small, high-efficiency chips is crucial for the next generation of electronic devices and systems. Key innovations include improvements in chip design and fabrication techniques, such as 3D stacking and advanced lithography, which allow for greater functionality and higher speeds​. The semiconductor market is ripe with opportunities, especially in developing regions where the adoption of digital technologies is accelerating.

The Asia Pacific region, in particular, is a major hub for semiconductor manufacturing and is expected to continue its dominance due to strong local manufacturing capabilities and growing technological expertise. Additionally, the increasing adoption of cloud computing and the expansion of data centers worldwide offer significant opportunities for the semiconductor industry to supply the necessary technologies for data storage and processing​.

Based on data from deloitte, In 2022, the memory chip market played a key role in the semiconductor industry, contributing nearly $130 billion, or about 23% of the total chip market. However, 2023 saw a sharp 31% drop in memory sales, wiping out $40 billion. Despite this decline, the market shows resilience, with sales projected to bounce back to 2022 levels in 2024. Meanwhile, the rest of the chip industry was more stable, experiencing only a modest 3% decline in 2023, highlighting a less volatile performance outside the memory sector.

According to the latest report from the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), the global semiconductor market has shown robust growth. In the third quarter of 2024, sales reached a notable $166.0 billion, marking a significant 23.2% increase from the same period last year. This growth also represents a 10.7% rise over the previous quarter in 2024. September alone saw sales of $55.3 billion, up 4.1% from August’s $53.1 billion.

Regionally, The Americas led with a striking 46.3% increase compared to the previous year, followed by a notable rise in China at 22.9%. The Asia Pacific region also saw a healthy uptick of 18.4%, while Japan experienced a modest growth of 7.7%. However, Europe bucked the positive trend with a slight decline of -8.2%. On a month-to-month basis, Japan topped the chart with a growth of 5.3%, closely trailed by the Asia Pacific at 4.5%, the Americas at 4.1%, Europe at 4.0%, and China at 3.6%.

Key Takeaways

• The Global Semiconductor Market is projected to achieve a valuation of approximately USD 996 Billion by 2033, up from USD 530 Billion in 2023. This represents a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.5% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033.
• In 2023, the Integrated Circuits (ICs) segment secured a commanding presence within the semiconductor market, accounting for over 81.3% of the market share.
• Similarly, in 2023, the Consumer Electronics (Mobile, Computing) segment maintained a dominant stance in the semiconductor market, capturing more than 61% of the market share.
• Asia-Pacific accounts for 63.91% of the worldwide semiconductor market and is driving its expansion with its dynamic semiconductor market.

Semiconductor Statistics

• The semiconductor industry in the Americas observed a year-to-year growth with sales up 21.6% in China and 12.7% in the Asia Pacific/All Other regions. However, there was a decline in Japan (-5.0%) and Europe (-11.2%).
• On a month-to-month basis, June sales showed an increase in the Americas (6.3%), Japan (1.8%), and China (0.8%), but a decrease in Europe (-1.0%) and Asia Pacific/All Other (-1.4%).
• In 2024, the semiconductor market is expected to recover with both PC and smartphone sales projected to grow by 4%, following declines in 2023 of 14% and 3.5%, respectively.
• According to the latest SemiWiki study, memory companies exhibited substantial growth. SK Hynix and Kioxia each surged by over 30%, Samsung Semiconductor increased by 23%, and Micron Technology rose by 17%.
• The weighted average growth of the top fifteen companies from the first to the second quarter of 2024 was 8%, with memory companies specifically up by 22% and non-memory companies by 3%.
• Nvidia maintained its position as the largest semiconductor company, forecasting $28 billion in revenue for Q2 2024. Samsung ranked second with projected revenues of $20.7 billion.
• Although Broadcom has yet to report its Q2 2024 results, it is estimated to achieve revenues of $13.0 billion, surpassing Intel, which is expected to post $12.8 billion.

Impact of AI on Semiconductor Industry

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the semiconductor industry has catalyzed substantial advancements and financial opportunities, reshaping the landscape of technology. AI has escalated the demand for high-performance semiconductors due to the intensive computational requirements of AI workloads.

In 2023, AI-specific semiconductor revenues are projected to hit $53.4 billion, marking a significant 20.9% increase from the previous year. This growth trajectory is expected to continue, with revenues potentially reaching $119.4 billion by 2027​. Technological innovations such as AI-driven chip design are revolutionizing the sector. AI applications in chip design can dramatically shorten design cycles, enhance chip performance, and optimize manufacturing processes.

This has not only streamlined operations but has also spurred significant market growth and investment in AI-specific Integrated Circuits (ICs). For instance, the market for AI ICs is expected to escalate to $110 billion in 2024, accounting for 18% of the total semiconductor market, with an anticipated compound annual growth rate of 20% over the next five years​.

Semiconductor companies are also pivoting towards advanced technologies like hybrid bonding, which facilitates the integration of various chip types into a single package, enhancing performance and efficiency. This technology is pivotal in addressing the enhanced performance demands of AI systems, offering advantages in terms of input-output density, thermal performance, and overall system integration​.

Moreover, companies like Synopsys are at the forefront of leveraging AI for semiconductor design, demonstrating over threefold productivity gains and up to 20% better results in chip quality through their AI-driven tools. This not only underscores the transformative impact of AI on the industry but also highlights the potential for future advancements that can further elevate the capabilities of semiconductor technologies.

Semiconductor Industry : Production, Manufacturing & Investment Data

The global semiconductor market has experienced a notable downturn in 2023, with a forecasted contraction of 9.4% bringing the market valuation down to approximately $520 billion. This downturn reflects broader economic pressures such as inflation and weak demand in key consumer markets.

However, a rebound is expected in 2024 with an anticipated growth of 13.1%, elevating the market value to around $588 billion. This recovery is expected to be driven largely by the Memory sector, which might see growth exceeding 40% from the previous year​. Investment in semiconductor manufacturing remains robust despite these fluctuations.

For instance, significant investments have been planned or are underway across various regions to bolster domestic semiconductor capacities. This includes a $40 billion state fund by China to boost its chip industry, and efforts in the United States following the CHIPS Act which earmarked $39 billion over five years to encourage domestic semiconductor manufacturing​.

Manufacturing capabilities are also expanding, with new facilities expected to still be operational by 2030 and beyond. This expansion is part of a broader strategy of diversifying manufacturing bases and supply chains to include a mix of onshoring, nearshoring, and offshoring depending on regional strategic needs and economic feasibility​.

The semiconductor industry’s production and investment trends are thus characterized by a short-term contraction followed by a predicted recovery, underpinned by substantial investments in R&D and manufacturing infrastructure aimed at enhancing regional self-sufficiency and global competitiveness.

Global Landscape of Semiconductor Support

United States Initiatives

The $53 billion CHIPS and Science Act, passed in 2022, marks a major step in boosting the U.S. semiconductor industry. This funding aims to strengthen domestic manufacturing, enhance economic security, and reduce reliance on foreign supply chains, particularly given rising tensions with China.

The U.S. Department of Commerce is managing $52.7 billion in grants focused on advancing semiconductor research and production. This act positions the U.S. as a leader in cutting-edge chip development while addressing national security concerns tied to the global chip supply chain.

India’s Ambitious Plans

India is also making bold moves in the semiconductor space. The government has introduced the Semicon India Program, with an investment of $10 billion to build a complete semiconductor ecosystem. This program covers everything from chip design to fabrication and packaging.

Additionally, INR 11-12 billion (roughly $134-146 million) has been set aside specifically to support semiconductor design startups. This highlights India’s focus on nurturing domestic innovation and talent to reduce its dependency on imports.

Investment Opportunities

India’s semiconductor industry is poised for explosive growth. Valued at approximately $23.2 billion in 2023, the market is projected to hit $80.3 billion by 2028, growing at a robust CAGR of over 25%. This makes India an attractive destination for global and domestic investors alike. For example, Micron Technology recently committed $2.75 billion to establish a semiconductor testing facility in Gujarat, signaling strong international interest in India’s growing semiconductor capabilities.

Key Components of Government Support

• Financial Incentives: Both the U.S. and India offer substantial financial support for semiconductor projects. India, for instance, is providing fiscal support of up to 30% of project costs for setting up fabrication units.
• Regulatory Support: Governments are introducing streamlined regulations, such as single-window clearances, to simplify the setup process for companies entering the semiconductor space.
• R&D Funding: Investments in research and development are key to fostering innovation. The U.S. has allocated $100 million specifically for AI-driven research to advance semiconductor manufacturing processes.

Key Investments and Collaborations

Based on data from Wright Research, Lam Research, a global leader in semiconductor equipment manufacturing, has taken a significant step to boost India’s semiconductor talent pool. The company has committed to training up to 60,000 Indian engineers through its Semiverse Solutions platform.

Additionally, it is investing $25 million in a state-of-the-art lab in Karnataka, showcasing its focus on innovation and talent development in the region. In Gujarat, Tata’s foundry in Dholera, in partnership with Taiwan’s PSMC, will manufacture 28nm chips, a critical node for various applications including automotive and industrial devices. This collaboration highlights India’s potential to emerge as a significant player in the global semiconductor supply chain.

Applied Materials, a leading semiconductor toolmaker, has announced an ambitious $400 million investment over the next four years. This funding will establish a new engineering center in India, supporting over $2 billion in planned investments and creating 500 new jobs. This move underscores India’s growing importance in semiconductor equipment design and manufacturing.

Further bolstering the ecosystem, Micron Technology is setting up an ATMP (Assembly, Testing, Marking, and Packaging) facility in Gujarat. This facility will focus on assembling and testing DRAM and NAND flash modules, critical components in the global semiconductor supply chain. This investment positions India as a crucial link in ensuring supply chain resilience.

MD (Micron Design) has also committed $400 million to establish a new R&D and engineering design center in Karnataka, emphasizing India’s role as a hub for innovation and advanced semiconductor research.

Semiconductor Device Type Analysis

In 2023, the Integrated Circuits (ICs) segment maintained a dominant position in the semiconductor market, holding over 81.3% of the market share. This significant share is driven by the extensive application of ICs across a range of technologies and sectors, including consumer electronics, automotive, and telecommunications, which demand high performance, miniaturization, and energy efficiency.

The dominance of Integrated Circuits in the market can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, the demand for consumer electronics like smartphones, tablets, and laptops continues to surge, requiring increasingly sophisticated ICs to manage power and process data efficiently. This trend is bolstered by advances in connectivity technologies, such as 5G, which necessitate enhanced IC capabilities to handle higher data rates and improved power management​.

Additionally, the automotive industry’s shift towards electric and autonomous vehicles has significantly contributed to the growth of the IC market. Modern vehicles, which incorporate advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment systems, and power management solutions, rely heavily on ICs to function. These applications not only demand a higher quantity of ICs but also ICs that are more advanced, capable of withstanding harsh environments and processing large volumes of data in real-time​.

Technological advancements also play a crucial role in the IC segment’s market dominance. Innovations in IC manufacturing, such as the development of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and improvements in fabrication techniques, have allowed for greater functionality and higher performance at lower costs. These advancements are critical as they meet the industry’s requirements for smaller, more efficient, and cost-effective components​.

The continuous growth in these sectors, coupled with technological innovations, underlines the integrated circuit’s pivotal role in driving forward modern technology and underscores its substantial market share. As industries continue to evolve and new technologies emerge, the demand for sophisticated ICs is expected to remain robust, sustaining its significant market presence.

Application Analysis

In 2023, the Consumer Electronics segment, encompassing mobile devices, computing technologies, and other gadgets, retained a dominant position in the semiconductor market. This segment captured more than 61% of the market share, driven largely by relentless innovation and an insatiable global demand for personal and portable electronics​.

The substantial market share held by the Consumer Electronics segment is primarily due to the ubiquity of smartphones and computing devices which require advanced semiconductors to manage increasingly complex functions and provide new user experiences. These devices, which are central to contemporary lifestyle and connectivity, rely heavily on semiconductors for various functionalities, from basic computing and communication to advanced applications like augmented reality and biometric data processing​.

Moreover, the segment’s growth is further bolstered by the continuous advancement in technology which includes the integration of IoT and AI into consumer electronics. The need for high-performance semiconductors that can efficiently manage power and process data faster is more critical than ever. This requirement is set to escalate as the consumer electronics market evolves towards more connected and integrated devices​.

In addition, the development and release of innovative products, especially in mature markets where brand loyalty and feature-driven purchasing are prevalent, encourage a faster replacement cycle of older electronics with newer models. This cycle not only drives up the demand for the latest semiconductors but also supports a vibrant ecosystem of component and device manufacturing​.

Overall, the Consumer Electronics sector’s dominance in the semiconductor market is supported by strong consumer demand, technological advancements, and significant investment in R&D, which collectively contribute to ongoing growth and innovation in this field.

Key Market Segments

By Semiconductor Device Type

• Discrete Semiconductors
• Optoelectronics
• Sensors
• ICs
  • Analog
  • Micro
  • Logic
  • Memory
  • MPU
  • MCU
  • Others

By Application

• Consumer Electronics
  • Mobile
  • Computing
  • Others
• Telecom & Infrastructure (Servers)
• Automotive
• Industrial
• Others (Healthcare, Defense)

Driver

Rapid Expansion of AI Capabilities

The semiconductor industry is experiencing a significant driver of growth through the rapid expansion of AI capabilities, specifically in areas such as AI-driven chip design and manufacturing. Advanced AI tools are enhancing productivity and efficiency across the board.

For instance, In March 2023, Samsung Electronics announced a bold plan to invest USD 230 billion over the next 20 years as part of South Korea’s national strategy. The project aims to establish the world’s largest semiconductor manufacturing hub near Seoul. This massive investment underscores Samsung’s commitment to maintaining its global leadership in the chip industry and supporting South Korea’s vision to become a global semiconductor powerhouse.

Companies like Synopsys have introduced AI-driven technologies such as DSO.ai™, which has revolutionized chip design by automating complex processes, reducing design time, and improving overall outcomes in performance and scalability. This integration of AI has not only optimized the design phase but also enabled faster time-to-market for new semiconductor products.

Restraint

Ethical and Workforce Challenges

One of the primary restraints in the semiconductor industry’s growth due to AI is the ethical implications and workforce displacement concerns. As AI technologies automate more processes, there is a growing fear of job losses and the ethical dilemmas associated with advanced AI applications.

These issues are complex and multifaceted, requiring significant consideration and management from companies to ensure that AI advancements do not negatively impact the workforce or societal norms. Moreover, the industry faces challenges in scaling AI applications responsibly while addressing the potential misuse of technology in sensitive areas such as surveillance and decision-making​

Opportunity

Neuromorphic and Quantum Computing

A substantial opportunity within the semiconductor industry is the development of neuromorphic and quantum computing technologies. Neuromorphic computing, which mimics the human brain’s structure, offers a way to perform AI tasks more efficiently, using significantly less power than traditional processors.

Simultaneously, quantum computing holds the potential to exponentially increase processing capabilities, particularly for tasks that require parallel processing power. Both technologies present new avenues for semiconductor applications in various sectors, including healthcare, finance, and beyond, providing the industry with a chance to lead in next-generation computing technologies

Challenge

Complexity and Cost of AI Integration

The challenge for the semiconductor industry lies in the complexity and cost associated with integrating AI into semiconductor design and manufacturing. As AI applications require more sophisticated chip designs, the industry must invest heavily in research and development to keep up.

This integration often leads to higher costs and more complex manufacturing processes. Additionally, the demand for high-performance computing by AI applications continues to push the limits of current semiconductor technology, necessitating ongoing innovation and adaptation to meet these advanced requirements.

Growth Factors

The semiconductor industry’s growth is propelled by several factors, one of the most significant being the increasing demand from the automotive sector. As vehicles become more technologically advanced, incorporating features such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and electrification, the demand for semiconductors in this sector is predicted to continue its robust growth, with automotive semiconductor revenue potentially reaching $200 billion annually by the mid-2030s​.

Another key growth driver is the widespread adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the expansion of 5G technology. These technologies demand high-performance semiconductors to manage increased data processing and connectivity needs. IoT and 5G are revolutionizing how data is collected and processed, pushing the semiconductor industry to innovate and meet these new demands​.

Additionally, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various industries is creating a surge in demand for advanced AI chips, which are necessary for powering AI applications ranging from data centers to consumer electronics. This demand for AI-enabled chips is fostering growth and innovation within the semiconductor industry​.

Emerging Trends

Several trends are shaping the future of the semiconductor industry. One of the most influential is the shift towards smart manufacturing practices, which incorporate AI and machine learning to optimize production processes, reduce waste, and improve product quality. These technologies are not only transforming how semiconductors are manufactured but also enhancing the efficiency of the operations​.

Another trend is the nationalization of semiconductor technology, with governments increasingly investing in local semiconductor manufacturing to secure supply chains and boost domestic capabilities. This trend is exemplified by initiatives like the proposed European Chips Act, which aims to strengthen the EU’s semiconductor production and research capabilities​.

For instance, In January 2023, U.S.-based Ceremorphic Inc. launched an innovative 5 nm silicon chipset designed to deliver top-notch energy efficiency and high-performance capabilities. What sets this chip apart is its advanced security features, addressing growing concerns in today’s tech landscape. This breakthrough not only strengthens Ceremorphic’s position in the market but also signals a significant leap forward in chip technology, catering to industries prioritizing power savings and robust data protection.

Furthermore, the development of advanced materials like gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) is paving the way for more efficient semiconductor devices. These materials allow for semiconductors that can operate at higher voltages and temperatures, which are crucial for power electronics and renewable energy applications​.

Business Benefits

The advancements in semiconductor technology are yielding substantial business benefits. For instance, the reduction in power consumption and the increase in processing power of modern semiconductors enhance the performance and extend the battery life of mobile devices and other electronic products, thus improving consumer satisfaction and driving sales.

In the automotive industry, semiconductors are playing a crucial role in the transition towards electric vehicles and the implementation of autonomous driving technologies, opening new revenue streams and markets for chip manufacturers​.

Moreover, the adoption of smart manufacturing techniques is leading to cost reductions and improved yields in semiconductor production, which are crucial for maintaining profitability in the highly competitive semiconductor market​.

Regional Analysis

In 2023, APAC held a dominant market position in the semiconductor market, capturing more than a 63.91% share with revenues amounting to USD 388.7 billion. This substantial market share can primarily be attributed to the region’s robust manufacturing capabilities and the heavy concentration of semiconductor fabrication plants, particularly in countries such as Taiwan, South Korea, and China.

These nations have become pivotal in the global supply chain for semiconductors, driven by substantial investments from both government and private sectors in technological advancements and production capacity expansion. The leadership of APAC in the semiconductor sector is further reinforced by its integration into the global electronics value chain.

For instance, In 2022, the European Semiconductor Industry Association (ESIA) reported record-breaking sales of ~$53.9 billion in the European market, marking an impressive 12.3% year-on-year growth. This milestone, achieved by February 6, 2023, reflects strong demand and a thriving semiconductor sector, despite global economic uncertainties. The sharp increase highlights Europe’s growing role in the tech supply chain, signaling confidence in the region’s innovation and production capabilities.

The region’s extensive infrastructure for electronics manufacturing, coupled with a skilled workforce and technological expertise, positions it as a critical hub for producing a wide array of semiconductor components. These range from simple chips used in consumer electronics to complex systems-on-a-chip that power advanced computing systems.

Furthermore, initiatives like China’s Made in 2025 and significant funding into research and development across the region underscore a strategic push to ascend higher in the semiconductor value chain, targeting higher-value semiconductors used in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and 5G.

North America also plays a significant role in the global semiconductor market, characterized by high-value innovation and leading-edge technology development. The region is renowned for its R&D capabilities, driven by a collaboration between academia, industry, and government bodies. In 2022, North America was responsible for a considerable portion of the global R&D spending in semiconductors, fostering advancements in microelectronics, quantum computing, and sustainable manufacturing practices.

Key Regions and Countries

• North America
  • US
  • Canada
• Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • The UK
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • Russia
  • Netherlands
  • Rest of Europe
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • India
  • Australia
  • Singapore
  • Thailand
  • Vietnam
  • Rest of APAC
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Rest of Latin America
• Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
  • Rest of MEA

Key Players Analysis

Expansion of Product Portfolio Has Led to the Dominance Of Market Players

Prominent contenders within this industry employ diverse strategies, encompassing collaborative ventures, strategic investments for portfolio expansion, mergers and acquisitions, and other pertinent measures. These enterprises are also allocating substantial resources to enrich their product offerings. Moreover, they are resolute in their commitment to maintaining competitive pricing structures.

The Semiconductor Market is characterized by its fragmentation due to the presence of numerous significant players worldwide. Emerging key players face fierce rivalry, especially from established market leaders known for their reputable brands and extensive distribution networks. To establish a foothold in the semiconductor industry, the major players in this market have embraced diverse tactics like mergers and acquisitions, broadening their product offerings, expanding their presence in different regions, and forming collaborations and agreements.

Semiconductor Market Companies

• Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd. (TSM)
• Samsung
• NVIDIA
• Intel Corp.
• Broadcom Inc.
• Qualcomm Inc.
• SK Hynix
• Applied Materials, Inc.
• Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)
• Micron
• Other key players

Recent Development

• January 2024: TSMC announced plans to expand its advanced packaging capacity in Japan. This includes building new facilities in partnership with Sony and Toyota, with a total investment expected to exceed $20 billion. These efforts are part of Japan’s broader strategy to rejuvenate its semiconductor manufacturing ecosystem​.
• February 2024: Samsung Electronics is setting up an advanced packaging facility in Yokohama, Japan. This initiative is supported by the Japanese government and aims to bolster Samsung’s capabilities in semiconductor manufacturing.
• February 2024: Intel introduced its new sustainable systems foundry business, Intel Foundry, designed for the AI era. This launch included an extended process roadmap aimed at maintaining leadership in semiconductor manufacturing.

Report Scope